Compare and Contrast Between Elderly and Young Adults essays

Compare and Contrast Between Elderly and Young Adults essays Compare/Contrast Old/Young There are many similarities as well as differences between elderly people and young adults. Older people seem to be more set in their ways. They also seem to know much more in general about most everything. Young adults, on the other hand seem to have a much broader outlook on life. The most common factor in both of these groups it seems is the overwhelming knack for being narrow: You will hear from the majority of young adults, I will be rich someday but an older adult will say, Money isnt everything, Im looking forward to retirement. Young adults as well as the elderly both think they know everything. The adage Wisdom comes with age can be a very true statement. It is a natural assumption that as we live longer and experience more in life, we would become wise to the ways of the world. The funny thing is, this does not always happen. If you listen to the elderly, many do become wise; but many others (as with music tastes) seem to get stuck in their youth, but yet think they are all wise. They cant seem to see the world changing around them. Young adults, because the world is changing so fast and information is so readily available, do know a...

How to write for a global audience - Emphasis

How to write for a global audience How to write for a global audience The growth in global commerce means it is more likely than ever that your writing will have an international audience. Increasingly, we need to communicate with people who speak English as a second language, whether they are based in the UK or overseas. But your words can easily get lost in translation when writing for this readership, especially if you arent adapting your copy. To ensure all your readers fully understand your message, it is essential to make your writing as clear as possible, and bear some rules in mind. Emails between colleagues Even informal emails between co-workers need thinking about. Heres a reply to a colleague who has suggested you visit her office. Hi Mariela Thanks for the invitation. Phil and I are definitely up for it, but as its on the firms time, Ill need to get the go ahead from Tony Ill talk to him asap and get back to you. Jan At first sight this seems to be a perfectly clear email, but Mariela is a second-language speaker of English. This means we have to re-examine our writing. Language barriers Lets take a closer look at the language in the email to recognise the traps we can fall into: Clusters of meaningless words Phil and I are definitely up for it: the English language has hundreds of these clusters, eg put up with, look up to, top it up, which together have specific meanings. They are called phrasal verbs and we can often replace them with a one-word simple alternative, eg tolerate, admire, fill. Confusing words On the firms time: company or organisation are more recognisable words than firm in the context of work. Also, firm has more than one meaning, which could be confusing. And a literal translation of on the time wouldnt make sense. Colloquial expressions To get the go ahead: second-language speakers often enjoy these expressions once they know them. But we cant guarantee they know them yet. So, unless youre sure, avoid them. Abbreviations Asap: again, unless youre confident your reader knows the abbreviations, they will be meaningless. Heres a rewrite of the email: Hi Mariela Thanks for the invitation. Phil and I definitely want to come. Ill need to get Tonys permission as its during the working week. Ill talk to him as soon as I can and tell you what he says. Jan Its still informal and natural, but so much clearer to non-native English speakers.

The Making of a Minority President Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Making of a Minority President - Essay Example John Edwards is the only Democratic white male that has a realistic opportunity of getting the nomination. The coming primary is a storm of historic proportions looming on the electoral landscape that could become a world-changing event. Democrats will have to decide whether to run for high ground, seek shelter, or weather the storm and face the adverse winds of political change. In many ways the events and polls leading up to the Democratic primaries have been a study in contradiction. In a Gallup Poll in the summer of 2007, Blacks selected Clinton as more favorable than Barak Obama. Hispanics favored Clinton ahead of the Latino Richardson. However, white voters see her as a liability and give her an unfavorable rating (Jones). While she leads in the national polling among all voters, nearly one-third of those polled said they would be less likely to vote for her because of her gender (Seelye and Sussman). Clinton's race and gender have been no friend to her in the polls and much of her support comes from Black and Hispanic males. Governor Bill Richardson is probably the most qualified candidate to deal with the benchmark issues of foreign policy, energy, and immigration ("The Man from New Mexico"). Yet, he is like an undiscovered treasure at a yard sale. He is unnoticed, unappreciated, and his low price tag offers no hint to the value contained within. Des pite the high profile positions that he has held with state and federal administrations, he is one of the least recognizable candidates. All these counter-intuitive poll numbers may add up to the possibility of a much stronger coalition when the candidate is selected, and a greater chance of a minority candidate winning the White House. However, the nominee will need to be careful to keep race, ethnicity, and gender out of the spotlight. The race will need to remain focused on the issues and the candidate's qualifications. Bringing attention to the minority status may uncover the prejudice and bias that lies beneath a thin veil of justice. America has had a dismal track record of minorities in presidential elections. While diversity is like a ray of hope on the landscape of equality, the light may also awaken old fears. These fears have the potential to tear holes in the coalition and leave the Democratic Party in disarray. The biases that bubble beneath America's ideal of equality can be seen in Richardson's candidacy. He is a centrist on immigration policy and favors tough border enforcement, fines for illegal entry, mandatory English, and a strict process to citizenship (Richardson). However, the opposition may spread panic among the electorate by negative ads that promote his ties to the Hispanic community and the myth of lost jobs and depressed wages for White and Black American workers. Richardson could find himself defending a policy that is unknown to most voters. The time and money spent defending himself against these racially based charges would detract from the more important issue of Iraq where Democrats have an advantage. It is likely that any minority candidate will be able to garner a majority of the traditional Democratic base. There are indications of much greater interest in the election among all the minority camps than in years past. Though Clinton currently is more favored than Richardson in the Hispanic comm

Read the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Read the instruction - Essay Example James Madison assumes, in his own opinion concerning the human nature that factions are strong in the propensity of humankind, such that humankind can fall into mutual animosity where there is no any presentation of substantial occasion, in most frivolous and vivid distinctions, which have resulted to rekindling the unfriendly passions and the most violent conflicts between the two. The federalist 10 is the most interesting essays of James Madison, written in 1787. This essay talks about the liberty, the role of the factions, and the remedies and the extent to which the government should control the concerns that result from the factions. James Madison follows the description of the factions as the group of citizens that either mounts to the majority or as the minority of the whole citizens, united and prompted by a common interest concerning the rights of the citizens or based on the common interest of the society. Madison interest is majorly on the political and social insecurity c aused by the opponent factions; this implies that Madison has to discover the core structure of the government as a whole. His interest id to discover the best structure of a government that will be able to provide remedies for this faction thus he came up with the Federalists 10, which Madison found to provide the best remedy (Hrebenar, and Bryson 41). James Madison bases his arguments on the effects of the factions and he says that the effects of the factions and the case of liberty are the same thing (Hrebenar, and Bryson 40). Therefore, he opts to go about identifying the effects of the factions and looks forward to identify how the effects of the factions may be controlled. This is evident where he compares liberty to faction and he compares air to fire, he continues to say that none of the two exists without the existence of the other. However, it could not cause a lot of trouble to abolish liberty, which is only important in politics and nourishes the faction rather. This bri ngs out the fact that the factions are very essential to the government and thus removing the factions’ means that the government would oppress some people, which is against what the government should be doing. He also sees that liberty and factions are very important aspects of the government and he comments that as far as the reasons for man to live are outlined and they have the liberty to exercise it, very various opinions will exist. Therefore, a healthy government is one, which allows expression of citizens, and on the other hand, the government ceases to be healthy incase the causes of factions affect it. However, James Madison suggests that the Republican structure of government can deal and tackle the issues concerning the causes of factions. The Republican mode of a government, as Madison suggests, is able to control the effects of factions more than the way the Democratic structure of government does. The Republican type of government made up of the representatives who carry out the beliefs and the passions of the majority of the citizens representing it. Both the Democrats and the Republicans make up the republic, the two groups, the Democrats, the Republicans cast many varied opinions, and thus they form factions. James Madison also suggests that the structure of the Republican form of government has the ability to defend the rights of the minority and the rights of t

Terrorist organizations Essay Example for Free

Terrorist organizations Essay Most of the terrorist organizations that have hit the headlines have religious connotations mostly leaning towards Islam. The al Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbolla all tend to lean towards Islam although this does not mean that Islam condones terrorism. Some of these organizations also fuse their religious motivations to address political grievances. Islamic martyrdom has become prevalent to an extent that most people draw parallelism between the two. Perpetrators of suicide terrorism do so in the belief that it is a ticket to heaven. This is done in the spirit of Jihad which is the advocated method of spreading Islam to infidels. This however has been widely refuted by Muslims. This is despite the indications in the polls carried out in the Middle East showing huge support for suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism for political reasons is widely discredited but majority support such attacks if they are seen to eradiate enemies of Islam. This would explain the reason why most terror organizations invoke religion in their activities in the bid to draw support from the masses as well as to justify their actions. Muslim scholars have put up a spirited fight however against this discreditation of Islam by linking it to terrorism. Particularly they note the existing differences between martyrdom and terrorism. Latest attacks on the United States and in London were discredited as mere terrorist’s acts with no link whatsoever to spreading Islam. Other suicide terrorists are driven by ethno-nationalistic motivations. This is an argument that has been forwarded mostly by scholars that dispute the role of religion in terrorism. As afore mentioned, these scholars see religion as a mere excuse and justification. One of the key factors that are being seen as driving to suicide terrorism is foreign occupation. According to studies conducted on the subject, â€Å"resentment of Islamic nationals against occupation by the foreign forces, particularly Russia and the United States is contributing to the overall motivation of terrorism. † (Clarke Newman, 2006, 241) An analyzed case in point is the occupation of Palestine by Israel. Numerous scholarly papers have been written on the motivation of suicide bombers in Palestine. One motivation that has been refuted is religion with majority believing that such attacks have no basis in religion. They can however be traced to Israeli’s occupation and its perceived psychological impact to Palestinians. The young suicide bombers are not in any way suicidal but have come to be indoctrinated into a culture that is open to suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism is advocated for in Palestine as Tore B (2005, 8) notes, â€Å"in Palestinian society and culture, these actions have a completely different meaning; they are acts of self sacrifice. † Palestine has been singled out as one place where nationalism has been a real motivation of suicide terrorism. Israel has had a heavy presence in the west bank and Palestinians have decrying lack of political sovereignty. This occupation according to scholars â€Å"has caused general despair and frustration among the Palestinians† (Tore B 8). Youngsters are being brought up with the knowledge that the Israelis are the source of country the various problems that they experience today. Such indoctrination produces elements that are ready to die in the process of freeing their territory from the yokes of Israel occupation. Where military resistance did not seem to bear any fruits, Palestinians turned to suicide terrorism in the bid to shake the Israelis military powers and demoralize them at home. Islamic scholarly articles have particularly hailed this seeing it as the final resort to Palestinians; this is despite its Western condemnation. Whatever the motivations behind suicide terrorism maybe, it is important to note that its wide usage is driven by a logic which in this case is coercion. All terror activities in general are but attempts to compel the existing regime and authority to concede to the laid down demands. This is done by inflicting pain and causing suffering to such a regime’s interests. A close observation of suicide terrorism reveals that it targets those that stand dialectically opposite to the terrorist’s mission or their sympathizers. Such acts are not carried out in isolation rather they are carried out together with intensified agitation and use of propaganda. The intention is to cause panic and discredit the existing regime. It is important to note here that suicide terrorism is characterized by the fact that the attacker is the weaker element and cannot survive conventional combat. The general feeling is that the perpetrators have exhausted all the existing avenues to air their grievances. Violence however is not the end; the end is to compel the opposers to come around to their line of thinking. As has been mentioned, suicide terrorism is more gruesome and result go huge fatalities in comparison to other forms. The logic behind this is to instill fear and draw huge media attention. They target the civilians to cause a feeling of insecurity and loss of confidence in the government. Target on military bases or personnel are to indicate that they have the capability of striking the core of the states security system. The use of suicide terrorism also makes it easier for the terrorist organizations to link their cause to religious foundations by labeling the attackers as martyrs. It makes the objectives and motivations of the attack look more plausible in the publics’ eyes. The determination to a point of death can in itself arouse sympathy and paint a picture of hard conviction as â€Å"the element of suicide itself helps increase the credibility of future attacks, because it suggests that the attackers cannot be deterred. † (Russell et al, 2006, 5). It is apparent that from the 1990s, terrorism has been on the increase. Security agencies have been put on high alert and Special Forces have been formed to fend off terrorism. Terrorists have stepped up their acts and are matching this increased vigilance with ingenuity moves. Suicide terrorism began taking shape in the 1980s but is in the 1990s that it began to be extensively applied. Like other modes of terrorism it is driven by various motivations which vary from economics, religion and ethno- nationalism. It has become a preferred tactic due to its mystic nature that denotes a high level of determination and invincibility. References Oscar Vilarroya, Francesc Forn I. Argimon 2007. Social Brain Matters: Stances on the Neurobiology of Social Cognition. Rodopi. Robert A. Pape. August 2003. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. The University of Chicago. American Political Science Review APSR. cls. Vol. 97, No. 3. Retrieved October 03, 2008 from http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/guest/Pape1.pdf

Partnerships :: Business and Management Studies

Partnerships Deed of partnership A written document that sets out the business relationship between members of a partnership. Limited Partner A member of a partnership who has unlimited liability. Such partners invest money and have a share of the profit, but play no part in running the firm. Partnership Where two or more people own a business together with a view to making a profit. Sleeping partner A member of a partnership who invests money in the firm but plays no part in its running. What is a partnership? A partnership exists when two or more people own a business together with a view to making a profit. Most partners have unlimited liability, therefore if the business fails they can lose all their personal wealth. A maximum of 20 partners is allowed in general partnership. Each partner is a part owner in the business and has the right to take part in running it. Sleeping partners of limited partners may invest in the business but take no part in its running. Why form a partnership? To finance expansion of a sole trader’s business. A sole trader’s own resources will be limited. To obtain capital for a business To get someone to share the work and responsibility of running a business To add new skills to the business. Deed of Partnership This is a very important document and is the contract that sets out the terms of the relationship between the partners. Benefits of working as partners More start up capital Shared costs Shared decision making Wider range of skills More ideas. Drawbacks of working as partners Unlimited liability Have to share profits Limited capital One partners actions can ruin the business No continuity / stability Hard to get money back Activities 1. Unlimited liability is more of a risk to partners than it is to sole traders because if the business fails, the partners could lose all of their personal wealth, not just the money invested in the business, even if the problem was not to do with them. If someone was owed money by the business, the partnership can be sued or just one partner could be sued. If that partners had to pay the debt, he or she would have to get the other partner to pay their share of the money owed. 2. The reason that there is a legal limit on the number of partners in a partnership is because if there are to many partners it gets out of hand, and it becomes hard to keep track. 3. See separate sheet 4. We don’t believe this statement to be very true at all because, we

Psychology of Colour

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 215-219, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Psychology of Colors and Architectural Facade and Interior Color Selection 1 1 Saeid Rahmatabadi, 2Dr. Siavash Teimouri and 3Dr. Feridoun Nahidi Azar 2 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran. Department of Architecture Science And Research Branch Islamic Azad University Arak Branch, Arak, Iran. 3 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.Abstract: The first section of this paper discusses many effects that specific colors have on human minds and how they can be applied to interior architecture and design. The focus of this research Pertains specifically to restaurants. Most of this research comes from studies of warm and cool colors. Though they have opposite effects on human minds, combining them can create comfortable atmospheres and settings. The second section of this study is to research the human’ s color selection of the architectural facade.As a result, Ratio of the color selecting has the tendency when surrounding color’s tone and selecting one are same. Degree of consideration in surrounding and Degree of harmony after color selecting have the tendency which is relation in the Saturation. Difficulty in the color selecting is in the brightness. There seems to be a different tendency between light tone and any others in Degree of consideration in surrounding and Satisfaction after color selection. Key words: Color Selecting , Architectural Facade, human mind, warm and cool colors. INTRODUCTIONWhen designing a restaurant, there are many things to consider besides the food that is served there. Customers should be able to enjoy the atmosphere almost as much as they enjoy the food in order for the restaurant to be successful. The flow of the floor plan is important because when a place is too crowded or hard to maneuver, customers may not be as comfortable as they could be. In addition to the floor plan, the colors used on the interior affect the successfulness of a restaurant because they can directly influence a person’s desire to eat. Fig. 1: Warm and Cool Color.In general there are two ways to classify colors, warm and cool. Figure 1 gives a visual description of these two groups and physically separates the two. However, aside from the visual differences, there are psychological traits associated with each group as well. Warm colors are defined as being bold and energetic, and they have the tendency to advance in space. This characteristic has both positive and negative effects because while using them can make something stand out, too much of them can be overwhelming in a sense that it drowns out the other colors. Cool colors are soothing and have a tendency to recede.They are good to use with things that are meant to be located in the background and they can make the space that they are used in seem bigger than it really is. (Nichols on, 2002). Corresponding Author: Saeid Rahmatabadi, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran. E-mail: [email  protected] com 215 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 Fig. 2: Warm Color. Out of the seven hues that make up our visible range of color, red, orange, yellow, and some shades of green are considered to be the warm colors, as shown in Figure 2.The warm colors cause an increase in heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because it has a stimulating effect on the nervous system. (Meola, 2005) Due to the size of its wavelength, Red is the most warm color and has the strongest effects on the human mind. It increases enthusiasm, encourages action, and is often associated with desire. The color orange shares some of the same characteristics as red but without the intensity. It stimulates activity, appetite, and encourages socialization. Yellow encourages communication, activates memory, instills optimism and influence s creative thoughts. Nicholson, 2002; Smith, 2008). While warm color can gain the attention of a human mind much quicker than a cool color, the characteristics of cool colors are just as important to consider. Fig. 3: Cool Color. The green, blue, indigo, and violet hues from our visible range of color are considered to be the cool colors, as shown in Figure 3. They have the opposite effect of warm colors and lower the heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because they affect the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system. (Meola, 2005).The parasympathetic branch opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system by stimulating digestive secretions, slowing the heart, constricting the pupils, and dilates blood vessels. (â€Å"Parasympathetic†). Because green is often associated with nature, it has a soothing, peaceful, and calming effect on the human mind. 216 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 It helps to get rid of nervousness and anxiety and brings on a sense of renewal and self-control. Blue and indigo also calm and sedate the mind, but they have a tendency to lower body temperature and reduce appetite.Violet is a balance between the warm nature of red and the cool nature of blue. It causes the mind to feel calm, yet uplifted and inspired through creativity at the same time. (Nicholson, 2002; Smith, 2008). There are a few more â€Å"colors† that don’t exactly fit in the categories of warm or cool. Brown gives people a sense of stability and orderliness. Gray can cause people to feel unsettled. The human mind associates white with cleanliness and mental clarity, while black brings a feeling of emptiness but represents potential and possibility. Nicholson, 2002; Smith, 2008) In combination with the warm and cool colors, these extras can be used to create a well balanced atmosphere that benefits multiple types of people at one time. The mental effects caused by color choices are important to consider wh en designing the interior of a restaurant. Since orange stimulates appetite, it would be a smart idea to some shade of it in the dining area of the restaurant. Brown could act as a good accent color because it would help to create an order and flow within the restaurant. In the kitchen area, yellow would be a smart hoice because there needs to be good communication, coming up with new recipes requires creativity, in any business there are times when optimism is needed, and there is so much going on that a good memory is beneficial. White accents would help because they make the kitchen space seem bigger and maintain and air of stability and cleanliness. In all the areas where high energy and activity is expected, warm colors are ideal to use. Red probably would invoke too much excitement, and things could easily get uncomfortable and out of control.On the other hand, in waiting and bathroom areas people should feel calm and relaxed. This is where the cool colors can be used to count er the effects of the warm colors used in the other areas. The use of different types of colors when going from room to room help in maintaining a flow because people have to transition from one frame of mind to another. If customers are comfortable and excited with anticipation to enjoy the food, then the restaurant will be successful. By choosing the right colors to paint the interior of a restaurant, it is possible to make them feel that way.Architectural Facade color selection: Background: In some areas , there is a guidance of architectural facade color to change the base-color that developers should followed. But the problem is that in the guidance still remained the lack of harmonious color called â€Å"color pollution†. In this section, the fact regarding what emotions a human has against the facade is strongly debatable. The purpose of this study is to research the human’s color selection of the architectural facade. Degree of Consideration in Surrounding (fig 4): †¢ Light tone has a tendency of consideration in favorite ?On the other hand, dark, pale, medium grayish and dark grayish tones have a tendency of consideration in surrounding. Fig. 4: Degree of consideration of Surrounding. Degree of Harmony After Color Selecting (fig 5): ? Light tones have more of a tendency of disharmony than dark, pale, medium grayish and dark grayish tones. 217 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 Fig. 5: Degree of harmony after color selecting. Degree of According In Imagination Between Before Color Selecting and The After (fig 6): ?Light and moderate tones have a tendency of discord in imagination in the surrounding color’s tones. Fig. 6: Degree of according in imagination before color selecting and the after. Degree of Difficulty In Color Selecting (fig 7): †¢Dark and dark grayish tones have a tendency of easier color selecting than the rest of surrounding’s Tones. Fig. 7: Degree of difficulty in color selecting. De gree of Satisfaction After Color Selecting (fig 8): †¢ Light tones have more of a tendency of dissatisfaction after color selecting than deep, dark and dark grayish tones. Fig. 8: Degree of satisfaction after color selecting.RESULT AND DISCUSSION our visible range of color, red, orange, yellow, and some shades of green are considered to be the warm colors. The warm colors cause an increase in heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because it has a 218 Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci. , 5(12): 215-219, 2011 stimulating effect on the nervous system. The green, blue, indigo, and violet hues from our visible range of color are considered to be the cool colors. They have the opposite effect of warm colors and lower the heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure because they affect the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system.As a result of the experiment, when color selecting of architectural facade takes into consideration surroundings, it is expected that chrome relates the e valuation of â€Å"Degree of consideration in surrounding† and â€Å"Degree of harmony after color selecting†, These seem to relate to the previous study to term of saturation being an important factor in the harmony or necessity of legal control and selecting low saturation color for the townscape where it has the composure or feels good sense. It is expected that brightness in each same saturation level relates to the evaluation of â€Å"Difficulty in the color selection†.We need to verify that result in the different experimental condition. It was shown that different tendency between light tone and any others in â€Å"Degree of consideration in surrounding† orâ€Å"Satisfaction after color selection†. REFERENCES Briana Allen, The Effects of Color on the Human Mind, Interior Architecture January 17, 2007. Don Kemp, D R Brasher Design Firm. Inagaki, 2000. A Study on Evaluation of Exterior Colors of Buildings with Effects of Colors of Foreground. Buildings, J. , Archi, Plann, 2000. Environ. Eng. Aij, No. 531: 9-15. Inagaki, 1993.An Experimental Study on Color Evaluation of Townscape Intending for Its Improvement. Archi, J. , Plann, 1993. Environ. Eng. Aij, No. 451: 29-39. Nicholson, Mary, 2002. â€Å"Lesson 8: Warm and Cool Colors. † Graphic Design. Bloomsburg University. 15 Jan. 2008. Meola, Kalyan, V. , 2005. â€Å"The Psychology of Color. † Hohonu. University of Hawaii. At Hilo Hawaii Community College. 17 Dec. 2007. Sakahara, 1999. An Color Choice on an Imagination of Townscape Part 1 ; A Research of a Color Choice with a Color Chart and a Relative Frequency on Top 20 Colors, Journal of the Color Science Association of Japan, 23(4): 225-231.Yosuke Yoshizawa, Haruo Hibino, Shinichi Koyama, 2008. Color Selection of Architectural Facade Taking into Consideration Surrounding Environment in Japan â€Å"Cool and Soothing Colors. † Chart. Lowes. . . . â€Å"Parasympathetic. † Def. 1,2. Dictionary. Co m. 16 Jan. 2008. . Smith, Kate, 2008. â€Å"Color: Meaning, Symbolism & Psychology. † Squidoo. Jan. 2008 . â€Å"Warm and Cozy Colors, 2008. † Chart. Lowes. . â€Å"Warn and Cool Colors, 2008. † Chart. 219

How Television Media Violence Influences Deviant Behavior, Specifically Criminal Behavior Essay

People watch television as way of relaxing. While there are many educational and entertaining programs on television, there is a lot of negativity in the form of sex and violence. Television programs are not without some king of violence. Since most people spend the bulk of their inactive time relaxing in front of the television, the following hypothesis may be formulated. If people spend most of their time watching television, which is full of subtle and obvious violence, is it then not possible that the programming will influence deviant criminal behavior in them? Accordingly, it is important to analyze the ways in which media violence may influence deviant criminal behavior. In this case, the two variables in this study are television media violence and deviant criminal behavior. Thus, deviant criminal behavior is the dependent (result) variable and television media violence as the independent (causal) variable. Deviant behavior According to Bryant, deviant behavior is easily explained in the context of an individual violating social norms (rules) just because they wish to fulfill/attain some personal goal. Hence, deviant behavior may include violence, aggression and hostility. For instance, a child may eat the last piece of cake that was reserved for later because he wants to eat the cake. Therefore, a superseding self-gratifying consideration would seem to be implicated in deviant behavior (1989). However, as Bryant goes on to point out, deviancy is by no means a simple issue. This is because, most if not all people are at some point in life faced with the opportunity to perform acts of deviancy. The question then is why is that some people are lured to contravening social norms more than others (1989)? Media violence. According to the Center for Media Literacy, there is no one clear and concise definition of media violence. This is because the individuals who are considered experts in the media violence realm measure television violence very differently (2007). Nevertheless, media violence may be defined as the various types of violence shown/displayed in such media as television. Accordingly, when individuals watch television they are exposed to the violence. Watching violence on television increases antisocial (deviant) behavior such as aggressiveness, hostility and even violence towards others. Sometimes these behaviors take on a criminal nature. Various studies have been conducted. In one study, the researchers set up an investigation involving college student with different personality and behavior types. The students had to watch both non violent and what was termed as gratuitously violent programs/films over a period of four days. The aim of the researchers was to find out if regular, consistent exposure to violence would result in violence in the individuals. After the study, the students were placed in stressful situation where they responded in a hostile manner. Continued exposure to the violence may lead the individuals to become more hostile and aggressive and even to engage in such criminal behaviors as robbery with violence, a criminal behavior with serious consequences. In the event of disagreements, they may also act aggressively towards others causing harm to them. Thus, the study helped to show that television media violence does indeed influence deviant behavior. Media violence especially when prolonged and consistent resulted in hostility and aggression in the students of both sexes even when there was no provocation. It also led to involvement and participation in other behaviors that are also criminal (Harris, N. d. ). In the second study, using the same test subjects, researchers analyzed how media violence affected their reaction to things that did not concern them personally. Again, the students were exposed to program content with various degrees of violence over a period of four days. Afterwards, the students were presented with conflict scenarios and asked how they would respond. The conflicts ranged from children fighting to the more serious domestic violence. Accordingly, the students who considered themselves as egotistic were found to accept violence as a way of solving conflicts (Harris, N. d. ). It would then be correct to state that these college students would grow up with the mentality that violence and aggressiveness is a normal part of life. As adults they may take it upon themselves to use violence to get their way. It would be not surprising if the same students were to then use violence to settle their domestic squabbles. They may engage domestic violence, a truly deviant and criminal behavior. In another cross-sectional study, some 2300 high school students were asked to list their favorite television programs and also provide a checklist of activities that ranged from fighting to serious delinquent behaviors. The programs were then analyzed for their violent content. Researchers found that the students whose favorite programs were violent also tended to exhibit violence. Hence, their checklists also reported aggressive and delinquent behaviors. It would then be correct to state these children frequently the violent television programs. Otherwise, how else the deviant behavior could be explained (TV Violence, 2003). It was then probable that these children would copy what they may have watched on television for some particular purposes. Maybe, use violence and aggressiveness to rob others and use the loot to buy drugs. In Summary The three studies above had one primal purpose. To determine how media violence affects deviant behavior. From the studies, it is clear that increased exposure to television media violence also leads to increased deviant behavior. To most people, aggressiveness and hostility are examples of deviant behaviors. In the three studies after exposure to television media violence the subjects were either openly hostile or aggressive. This is would be correct to conclude that indeed television media violence does influence deviant behavior in that individuals after exposure to television media violence engage more in behaviors that could be considered as deviant behavior. References. Bryant, C. (1989). Deviant behavior: Readings in the sociology of norm violations. London: Taylor & Francis. Defining media violence: It’s not so easy! (2007). Center for Media Literacy. Retrieved 17 April 2009 from http://www. medialit. org/reading_room/article23. html Harris, S. (N. d. ). Some violent movies can increase violent responses to provocation and acceptance of violence in real life. Retrieved 17 April 2009 from http://www. research. vt. edu/resmag/sc99/media_violence. html TV violence. (2003). Retrieved 17 April 2009 from http://www. kff. org/entmedia/upload/Key-Facts-TV-Violence. pdf

Secrecy in America essays

Secrecy in America essays According to a survey performed for the Defense Department in 1996, it was found that the majority of U.S. citizens believe that the government withholds too much information by classifying it as a secret. In this book, Secrecy: The American Experience, Senator Daniel P. Moynihan reinforces that view. This is a distinctive book with numerous weaknesses, some errors, and one great strength. The weakness is that the book shows controversial arguments rather than a policy analysis. Moynihan has a particular view he wants to advance, and he is not interested in considering alternate explanations or exploring evidence that is contradictory with his view. Moynihan marks the start of modern secrecy with the Espionage Act. Most of the distinctive features of twentieth-century secrecy are rooted in the program to build the atomic bomb, including vast secret budgets and cover stories. I particularly enjoyed the book in that it told the truth of past events. I did not like that the book was written from only Moynihans point of view and did not discuss other opinions. I enjoyed the book because it is nonfiction and reveals the truth of secrecy in America. Most importantly I found it interesting that this book was written by Senator Moynihan rather than by an ordinary person who would make many assumptions in order to write a book about secrecy. This US senator from New York analyzes the roots of Americas obsession with government secrecy and pleads for its dismantling. This book is not primarily an insiders account of the Government in action. It is, more ambitiously, a historical assessment of the culture of secrecy, particularly in the area of foreign policy. Moynihan cites the CIAs failure to forecast the end of the Soviet Union as yet another deviation caused by secrecy. In his view, the CIA simply failed at its most important task. It is possible that all of tho...

2015 SAT Scores By State

2015 SAT Scores By State    Approximately 1.7 million students took the SAT in 2015 and the test scores varied greatly according to things like gender, ethnicity and even household income. (If you want to see that report, you can check it out here.) Its interesting, however, to see how students fared on the SAT according to their home state. The data below represents how students fared on the exam in  your  neck of the woods.   SAT Score Note Currently, the  Redesigned SAT uses a scale with a high of 1600. There are two chief areas that receive a score out of 800: Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. Those two scores are added to get the total.   Please keep in mind that the scores reported in 2015 (those below) are based on the former SAT scoring scale, which had an absolute maximum of 2400. The former test added the Writing, Mathematics and Critical Reading sections, which had maximum scores of 800, to achieve a total score out of 2400. The national average in 2015 was a 1497, so as you can see, many states outperformed the average by significant numbers. Overall:  1497Critical Reading:  495Mathematics:  511Writing:  484 2015 SAT Scores By State State Average SAT Score Out of 2400 Critial Reading Score Mathematics Score Writing Score Alabama 1616 545 538 533 Alaska 1494 509 503 482 Arizona 1552 523 527 502 Arkansas 1688 568 569 551 California 1492 495 506 491 Colorado 1736 582 587 567 Connecticut 1514 504 506 504 Delaware 1368 462 461 445 District of Columbia 1313 441 440 432 Florida 1434 486 480 468 Georgia 1450 490 485 475 Hawaii 1472 487 508 477 Idaho 1372 467 463 442 Illinois 1802 599 616 587 Indiana 1473 496 499 478 Iowa 1755 589 600 566 Kansas 1748 588 592 568 Kentucky 1749 588 587 574 Louisiana 1675 563 559 563 Maine 1392 468 473 451 Maryland 1462 491 493 478 Massachusetts 1552 516 529 507 Michigan 1788 594 609 585 Minnesota 1778 595 607 576 Mississippi 1713 580 563 570 Missouri 1777 596 599 582 Montana 1655 561 556 538 Nebraska 1755 589 590 576 Nevada 1458 494 494 470 New Hampshire 1566 525 530 511 New Jersey 1520 500 521 499 New Mexico 1623 551 544 528 New York 1469 489 502 478 North Carolina 1478 498 504 476 North Dakota 1791 597 608 586 Ohio 1657 557 563 537 Oklahoma 1693 576 569 548 Oregon 1546 523 521 502 Pennsylvania 1485 499 504 482 Rhode Island 1472 494 494 484 South Carolina 1442 488 487 467 South Dakota 1753 592 597 564 Tennessee 1723 581 574 568 Texas 1410 470 486 454 Utah 1708 579 575 554 Vermont 1554 523 524 507 Virginia 1533 518 516 499 Washington 1496 502 510 484 West Virginia 1501 509 497 495 Wisconsin 1771 591 605 575 Wyoming 1737 589 586 562    Should You Take the SAT?   If your SAT scores were significantly lower than those reported by your fellow test-takers, perhaps it would have been better for you take the ACT exam. Although they are both college admissions tests, they differ greatly in both the content, and strategies you should use while studying and taking the tests. Heres a simple, ten-question quiz to help you determine whether or not you may fare better on one or the other.   How to Prepare for the SAT So, you took the quiz and realize that you did, indeed, take the correct college admissions exam. The bad news? You did not adequately prepare for this bad boy, so you did not get the SAT scores that you were really hoping to achieve. Well, here is some good news for you. A little bit of prep work goes a very long way when it comes to SAT prep, and you can choose a variety of ways to get ready. Here are a few of the best ways to get studying so that next time around, you do not get a bad SAT score. The Best SAT BooksSAT Tutoring OptionsSAT Apps Worth The DownloadFree SAT Practice Tests

Impact of DNA damage induced by anticancer drugs on both S phase and Essay

Impact of DNA damage induced by anticancer drugs on both S phase and mitosis phase of the cell cycle - Essay Example 2005). Cells in any living organism grow, divide, perform their functions and gradually enter apoptosis (programmed cell death) at the end of their life cycle. This process is progressed through a ‘cell cycle’ which mainly consist of four stages as G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), G2 (gap 2) and M (mitosis). Cell cycle regulation and cancer are intersected fields and hence treating cancer is more or less done in targeting the cell cycle (Collins et al. 1997). During G1, the cells grow in size and prepare for chromosome replication by synthesizing enzymes for the next stage. In S phase, the genomic DNA chromosomes are duplicated to produce two identical chromosomes (replication) and the G2 phase prepares the cells for cell division and synthesis cellular components required for mitosis in the proceeding stage. In the M phase, the replicated chromosomes are divided through a series of processes as Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Subsequently the cell s plits into two identical daughter cells with cytokinensis (Lewin 1990). These cells then enter G0 (resting) stage where they carry on their respective functions or in actively dividing tissues, they once again enter G1 stage to be further divided. Each cell cycle has check points as G1/S and G2/M that is involved in correction mechanisms to prevent any error in this system. Transition through check points are signaled by cyclones and cycline-dependent kinases (CDKs). ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) and ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad-3-related) protein kinases are the leading controllers in DNA damage checkpoint signaling (Nishida et el. 2009). This mechanism ensures any error during DNA synthesis mechanism does not pass through the cell cycle. Cells with any mistake are either repaired before progressing or enter into apoptosis (programmed cell death) if the errors cannot be rectified. The G1/S check point ensures the cells have grown into the appropriate size and the DNA is not damaged while in the G2/M check point it is confirmed that the DNA is properly replicated during the S phase. Another check point in the M stage (metaphase check point), see that the chromosomes are properly aligned on the spindle at metaphase. Any mistake detected in any of these check points force the cells to repair or enter apoptosis. Chemotherapy is an efficient and a widely used method of treating cancer. Here the cancerous cells are treated with anticancer/antineoplastic drugs and apoptosis is induced (Muller et al. 1999). Usually a combination of two or more drugs is administered to the patient to increase efficiency. Chemotherapeutic treatments are targeted to destroy actively proliferating cells since cancerous cells are highly proliferating. This has the disadvantage of attacking rapidly dividing normal cells such as in the bone marrow, intestine and hair follicles and cause chemotherapy side effects as hair loss (alopecia) and inflammation in the digestive tract (mu cositis) since the anticancer drugs fails to identify cancerous and normal cells but simply destroys the fast proliferating cells. Chemotherapeutic agents or anticancer drugs are mainly aimed toward cell cycle at

Apple Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Company - Essay Example These include emails, banners, the company site, and social sites such as face book. The online advertisement is an effective way because it enables the Apple Company to reach may people. Additionally, online advertisements have no geographical restrictions that businesses may encounter when using other mediums (Durkin & McGowan, 2001). The company also prefers this mode of advertisements because it is target oriented. In the internet, one can find may websites that serve particular groups of people. The websites serve individuals in particular age groups and occupations. Apple advertises its products on its website, technology sites and social sites. This has given it the chance to reach the consumers who are particularly interested in procuring its goods (Durkin & McGowan, 2001). Furthermore, the use of the internet as an advertisement media has reduced the firm’s expenses. This because compared to other mediums, this mode is cost effective. When advertising through the inte rnet, Apple only pays when its potential consumers visit its websites. Additionally, the media is very informative since consumers can get all the important information about the products. The other forms of advertisements only give brief information about the products because they are expensive. ... Researches show that people spend approximately five to six hours watching TV. Since many households have televisions, the Apple adverts can reach many individuals. In addition, the media uses sound, pictures and words, which capture the consumers emotionally especially through the soundtracks. In additional, the company can reach its target population through TVs like online adverts. It can reach certain audiences when watching their favorite programs (Business Editors/High, 2001). Newspapers Apple markets its products through newspapers and magazines. In America, almost all homes can access newspapers daily. In the new papers, there are sections targeted for all people. For instance, there, are sports, news, and classifieds sections. In order to reach certain groups of people, the apple company markets its products in specific newspaper sections. Therefore, the company has also increased its sales through the newspaper ads (Durkin & McGowan, 2001). Magazine The publishers produce m agazines for young and the older persons in the society. Apple also uses magazines to market their goods. Magazines are also effective advertisement modes because the company reaches people of all ages. Additionally, magazines give the company more power when creating layouts to market its goods. Moreover, they have longer shelf life because people always keep their favorite magazines and they can read them many times. Therefore, they can read the adverts many times and influence their friends (Yuan, 2006). How essential marketing is in our life Enhancing product awareness Marketing is a vital aspect in businesses since it contributes to the high performance of organizations. The business products and distributions largely depend on marketing. Marketing enhances the public